A bearing is the horizontal angle, measured in degrees clockwise from a reference direction (typically true north or the vessel's bow), to a specific object or point of interest. It is essential for determining a vessel's position, establishing its heading, and identifying potential collision risks by monitoring changes in direction.

Key Types of Bearings
True Bearing: The angle between an object and true north (000°–360°).

Magnetic Bearing: The angle measured relative to magnetic north, rather than true north.

Relative Bearing: The angle measured clockwise from the ship's bow (heading) to an object. The bow is 000°, starboard beam is 090°, and stern is 180°.

Key Uses in Navigation
Position Fixing: Taking bearings on two or more known landmarks (e.g., lighthouses) allows a navigator to pinpoint the vessel's location on a chart.

Collision Avoidance: A constant relative bearing to another vessel, paired with a decreasing distance, indicates a risk of collision.

Steering: Maintaining a specific bearing ensures the vessel stays on its intended course.