Piloting (or pilotage) is the art of navigating a vessel in coastal or confined waters by using visual references, landmarks, navigation aids (buoys/lights), and depth soundings. It involves real-time positioning relative to fixed points to safely navigate harbors, channels, and hazards, distinct from open-ocean navigation.

Key aspects of piloting include:
Techniques: Using transits (lining up two objects), bearings, and measuring distances to hazards.

Tools: Nautical charts, compass, binoculars, and depth sounders.

"The Pilot": A person with specialized, local knowledge of currents, tides, and hidden dangers, sometimes hired to guide ships through specific waters.

Active Guidance: It requires constant, frequent checks of position to confirm the vessel is on the intended track, often described as "conning" or directing the ship's movements.

Piloting is essential for safe passage in busy, shallow, or unfamiliar areas.