Sternway is the backward motion of a vessel, where it moves stern-first through the water. It is often caused by intentionally backing a sail (laying it aback), reversing engines, or being pushed backward by wind or tide. This movement is the opposite of "headway" and can affect steering control.

Key Aspects of Sternway:
Definition: Movement of a vessel in a backward direction.

Causes: Commonly occurs when maneuvering in tight spaces, docking, or when a sail is backed.

Steering implications: When a vessel has sternway, the rudder acts in reverse, meaning steering input works opposite to how it does when moving forward.

Difference from Headway: Headway is forward motion, while sternway is backward motion.

Note: As defined in, a ship can have sternway even if it is not moving over the ground, if the water is carrying it backward.